Strip

a relatively long narrow piece of something

artifact consisting of a narrow flat piece of material

an airfield without normal airport facilities

a sequence of drawings telling a story in a newspaper or comic book

thin piece of wood or metal

a form of erotic entertainment in which a dancer gradually undresses to music

take away possessions from someone

get undressed

remove the surface from

remove substances from by a percolating liquid

lay bare

steal goods

remove all contents or possession from, or empty completely

strip the cured leaves from

remove the thread (of screws)

remove a constituent from a liquid

take off or remove

draw the last milk (of cows)

remove (someone's or one's own) clothes